Consulting a Cognitive Dementia and Memory Service (CDAMS) clinic or doctor to obtain a diagnosis is critical at an early stage.

A complete medical and psychological assessment may identify a treatable condition and ensure that it is treated correctly, or it may confirm the presence of dementia.

Such an assessment might include the following:

A detailed medical history, provided - if possible - by the person with the symptoms and a close relative or friend. This helps to establish whether there is a slow or sudden onset of symptoms and their progression.

A thorough physical and neurological examination, including tests of the senses and movements to rule out other causes of dementia and to identify medical illnesses which may worsen the confusion associated with dementia.

Laboratory tests, including a variety of blood and urine tests called a 'dementia screen' to test for a variety of possible illnesses which could be responsible for the symptoms. The dementia screen is available through a doctor.

Neuropsychological testing to identify retained abilities and specific problem areas, such as comprehension, insight and judgement.

Other specialised tests, such as a chest X-ray, ECG or CT scan.

A mental status test to check a range of intellectual functions, such as memory and the ability to read, write and calculate.

Psychiatric assessment to identify treatable disorders which can mimic dementia, such as depression, and also to manage psychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety or delusions, which may occur alongside a dementing illness.

Source:  Dementia - diagnosis and early signs - Better Health Channel